SELECT 
  category_id, 
  category 
FROM 
  cscart_category_descriptions 
WHERE 
  category_id IN (301, 410, 427) 
  AND lang_code = 'ja'

Query time 0.00033

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "7.21"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_category_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "category_id",
        "lang_code"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 3,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`eshopuga_upgr_4122`.`cscart_category_descriptions`.`category_id` in (301,410,427)) and (`eshopuga_upgr_4122`.`cscart_category_descriptions`.`lang_code` = 'ja'))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "6.61",
        "eval_cost": "0.60",
        "prefix_cost": "7.21",
        "data_read_per_join": "9K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "lang_code",
        "category"
      ]
    }
  }
}